A cornerstone standard in this area is ASTM D4169, Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems. ASTM D4169 defines a series of tests and hazard levels to evaluate how a packaged product will endure a typical distribution cycle. 1 This test method covers two procedures for conducting impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units (pallet loads), as follows: 1. These procedures are suitable for testing various types of containers such as boxes, crates, barrels, drums, kegs, bags, sacks, or pails made of various materials or combinations o are par-ticularly suitable for testing. Boxes get dropped, pallets get vibrated on truck beds, and air pressure or temperature can fluctuate in transit.