This Review offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, key parameters, and applications of various branches of traditional OSAs, including prisms, gratings, interferometers, tunable filters, and reconstructive spectrometers. Optical spectrometry is the technique of measuring the inten sity of absorption or emission of radiation in the ultraviolet visible region of the spectrum. In analytical applications, these measurements are made by exciting, in various ways, transitions of electrons between outer orbitals of atoms. An optical spectrometer, like the Ossila USB spectrometer, is the most common type. They take light, separate it by wavelength and create a spectrum which shows the relative intensity of these separate wavelengths.
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