This article will analyze key performance parameters such as transmission rate, wavelength, numerical aperture (NA), output power, and receive sensitivity of optical modules. It will also discuss how to choose suitable optical modules based on practical requirements. Minimum Receiver Power (sometimes referred to as Receiver Minimum Input Power) is the lowest level of optical power at which the module is guaranteed to operate without exceeding a specified bit error rate (typically BER ≤ 10⁻¹²). This value is typically used in optical link budgeting to ensure. In optical communication systems, sensitivity is a measure of how weak an input signal can get before the bit-error ratio (BER) exceeds some specified number. For example, SONET specifies that the BER must be 10 -10 or better. Theoretical analysis and experimental comparison are used to analyze PIN-TIA and AGC circuits and overload characteristics, and the problem of interval error of optical module is analyzed. Industry pundits have recently speculated that demand for 100G/400G switches may take off in 2019, prompting optical transceiver module vendors to sample data center switches with high data transmission rates earlier than expected. By understanding the measurement standards, influencing factors, and application.